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Economy - overview:
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Iran's
economy is a mixture of central planning, state
ownership of oil and other large enterprises,
village agriculture, and small-scale private trading
and service ventures. President KHATAMI has
continued to follow the market reform plans of
former President RAFSANJANI and has indicated that
he will pursue diversification of Iran's oil-reliant
economy although he has made little progress toward
that goal. Relatively high oil prices in recent
years have enabled Iran to amass some $15 billion in
foreign exchange reserves, but have not solved
Iran's structural economic problems, including high
unemployment and inflation. |
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GDP:
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purchasing power parity - $458.3 billion (2002 est.)
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GDP - real growth rate:
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7.6%
(2002 est.) |
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GDP - per capita:
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purchasing power parity - $6,800 (2002 est.)
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GDP - composition by sector:
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agriculture:
19%
industry: 26%
services: 55% (2002 est.) |
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Population below poverty line:
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40%
(2002 est.) |
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Household income or consumption by percentage
share:
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lowest 10%:
NA%
highest 10%: NA% |
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Inflation rate (consumer prices):
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15.3%
(2002 est.) |
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Labor force:
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21
million
note: shortage of skilled labor (1998)
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Labor force - by occupation:
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agriculture 30%, industry 25%, services 45% (2001
est.) |
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Unemployment rate:
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16.3%
(2003 est.) |
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Budget:
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revenues:
$29.5 billion
expenditures: $31.6 billion, including
capital expenditures of $NA (2002 est.)
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Industries:
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petroleum, petrochemicals, textiles, cement and
other construction materials, food processing
(particularly sugar refining and vegetable oil
production), metal fabricating, armaments
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Industrial production growth rate:
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5.5%
excluding oil (2001 est.) |
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Electricity - production:
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124.6
billion kWh (2001) |
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Electricity - production by source:
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fossil fuel:
97.1%
hydro: 2.9%
other: 0% (2001)
nuclear: 0% |
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Electricity - consumption:
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115.9
billion kWh (2001) |
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Electricity - exports:
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0 kWh
(2001) |
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Electricity - imports:
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0 kWh
(2001) |
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Oil - production:
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3.804
million bbl/day (2001 est.) |
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Oil - consumption:
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1.277
million bbl/day (2001 est.) |
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Oil - exports:
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NA
(2001) |
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Oil - imports:
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NA
(2001) |
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Oil - proved reserves:
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94.39
billion bbl (37257) |
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Natural gas - production:
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61.5
billion cu m (2001 est.) |
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Natural gas - consumption:
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65.59
billion cu m (2001 est.) |
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Natural gas - exports:
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110
million cu m (2001 est.) |
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Natural gas - imports:
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4.2
billion cu m (2001 est.) |
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Natural gas - proved reserves:
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24.8
trillion cu m (37257) |
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Agriculture - products:
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wheat,
rice, other grains, sugar beets, fruits, nuts,
cotton; dairy products, wool; caviar |
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Exports:
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$24.8
billion f.o.b. (2002 est.) |
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Exports - commodities:
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petroleum 85%, carpets, fruits and nuts, iron and
steel, chemicals |
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Exports - partners:
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Japan
17.4%, China 8.6%, UAE 7.6%, Italy 6.6%, South Korea
4.9%, South Africa 4.4% (2002) |
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Imports:
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$21.8
billion f.o.b. (2002 est.) |
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Imports - commodities:
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industrial raw materials and intermediate goods,
capital goods, foodstuffs and other consumer goods,
technical services, military supplies |
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Imports - partners:
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Germany
10.9%, Italy 9%, France 7.9%, China 7.4%, South
Korea 6.5%, UAE 4.4%, Japan 4.1%, Russia 4% (2002)
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Debt - external:
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$8.7
billion (2002 est.) |
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Economic aid - recipient:
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$408
million (2002 est.) |
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Currency:
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Iranian
rial (IRR) |
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Currency code:
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IRR
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Exchange rates:
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rials
per US dollar 6,906.96 (2002), 1,753.56 (2001),
1,764.43 (2000), 1,752.93 (1999), 1,751.86 (1998)
note: from 1997 to 2001, Iran had a
multi-exchange-rate system; one of these rates, the
official floating exchange rate, by which most
essential goods were imported, averaged 1,750 rials
per US dollar; in March 2002, the
multi-exchange-rate system was converged into one
rate at about 7,900 rials per US dollar |
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Fiscal year:
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21
March - 20 March |
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